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Supporting Technologies for Data Center

  • Power
    • Datacenter Anatomy Part 1: Electrical Systems [SA]
      • Meta Datacenter Scrapped, Vertiv, Schneider Electric, Eaton, Legrand, Delta, Datacenter Bill Of Materials By Component, Transformers, Switchgear, Redundancy, UPS, OCP Busbar, Generators, Substation
    • Datacenter Anatomy Part 2 – Cooling Systems [SA]
      • L2A, L2L, Immersion, Two-Phase, Google vs Meta vs Microsoft vs Amazon Water Cooling Design, WUE, PUE, Nvidia Rubin Power & Cooling Architecture
    • SMRs: A (small) nuclear revolution? "Hyperscale partnerships could be the catalyst for small modular reactor development" [DCD-20250313]
    • Watt’s Next? How can batteries be best utilized in the data center sector? "A deep dive into the many use cases of battery energy storage" [DCD-20250905]
  • Networking
    • Arista developing liquid-cooled network switches - "Company developing liquid-cooled network rack that could consume more than 120kW" [DCD-20250919]
    • The future of data center networking and processing - Co-packaged optics (CPO) achieves this by packaging the optical transceivers (often referred to as photonic chiplets) with the ICs on the same silicon substrate; this significantly reduces the length of the electrical path between optics and the electrical ICs, which in turn reduces power consumption while unlocking unprecedented levels of bandwidth concentration. (DCD - 20250617)
    • Nvidia's networking vision for training and inference- Inference needs are getting larger, as is the network to support them (DCD - 20250513)
    • System thinking for networking at one million GPU scales - Pensando’s approach (DCD - 20250417)
    • InfiniBand Series - Part 1: Demystifying the InfiniBand versus Ethernet debate
    • InfiniBand Series - Part 2: A closer look at cables, termination types, and fiber innovations
    • InfiniBand Series - Part 3: Building a network for high-performance computing and AI
    • InfiniBand Series - Part 4: How InfiniBand and AI are dramatically reshaping data center infrastructure
  • Liquid Cooling
    • Carrier launches CDU for liquid cooling
      • "Cooling firm Carrier Global Corporation has launched a new range of cooling distribution units (CDUs) for liquid cooling in data centers." [DCD - 20251105]


    • How Meta achieves 120kW a rack in 20kW air-cooled data centers.
      • "... the company outlined a six-rack design featuring two liquid-to-air cooling side pods to one rack of high-density compute." [DCD-2025-905]
    • Amazon Web Services develops cooling technology for next generation Nvidia GPUs
      • "Decided third-party solutions were not a "good fit"" [DCD-20250714]
    • Switch deploys new hybrid air and liquid cooling design, claims to offer up to 2MW per rack densities
      • "Known as EVO AI Factories, the new offering features a hybrid-air-and-liquid cooled design that supports extreme densities up to 2MW per rack, all aligned with Nvidia DGX and MGX roadmaps, and ready for the GPU maker's latest systems." [DCD-20250715]
    • Liquid cooling: The Edge of reason
      • "Liquid cooling has become the great enabler for high-density compute at the Edge." [DCD-20250520]
    • Microsoft study finds liquid cooling can cut data center emissions by up to 21%
      • "The study, which took place over two years, studied air cooling, cold plates, one-phase immersion and two-phase immersion for servers." [DCD-20250121]
      • See study Paper from nature.


    • Hyperscalers prepare for 1MW racks at OCP EMEA; Google announces new CDU
      • "Google has joined Meta and Microsoft’s collaboration project on a power rack the companies hope will help them reach rack densities of 1MW." [DCD-20250121]
      • Google's existing 4th Gen CDU, and upcoming 5th Gen CDU [Google]

    • Liquid cooling in the generative AI era
      • "Requirements for liquid cooling in data centers are evolving fast, and vendors are reacting accordingly." [DCD-20250121]
    • Infrastructure trend to support HPC and AI
      • "This technology article first explains the limitations of traditional cooling practices. Then it describes a range of systems you can choose from to modify or supplement your existing cooling system to get the cooling capacity your data center requires. It also sheds light on power distribution and space trends in accordance with HPC and AI environments." [Reliability Forum]
    • AWS launches new data center components to support AI
      • "Amazon Web Services (AWS) has launched a series of new data center components to make its data centers better equipped to handle the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) workloads." [DCD-20241204]
      • "These new capabilities will be implemented globally in AWS’s new data centers, and many components are already deployed in its existing data centers. To learn more, visit: AWS Video Clip" [AWS-20241203]
    • Liquid Cooling in Air Cooled Data Centers on Microsoft Azure
      • "Microsoft’s Maia 100 platform marked the first introduction of a liquid cooling heat exchanger in existing air-cooled data centers for direct-to-chip liquid cooling. Since that time, we have continued to invest in novel cooling techniques to accommodate newer, more powerful AI/ML processors. .." [MS-20241024]
    • To cool datacenter servers, Microsoft turns to boiling liquid
      • "Emails and other communications sent between Microsoft employees are literally making liquid boil inside a steel holding tank packed with computer servers at this datacenter on the eastern bank of the Columbia River.." [MS-20210406]
  • Security
    • Securing the AI data center 
      • "AI systems are a prime target for hackers, meaning the data centers they’re housed in must be extra vigilant" [DCD-20250923]
    • Microsoft launches DPU and new HSM chips, also launches hybrid infrastructure platform Azure Local
      • "The HSM is a cloud security chip that gives users full administrative and cryptographic control, and means that Microsoft has no access or visibility of the keys stored within them." [DCD-20241124]
  • Virtualization
    • How virtualization can deliver energy efficiency for enterprise AI [DCD-20250418]
  • Timing and Synchronization
    • Why GPS alone isn't sufficient for positioning, navigation, and timing
      • "Proper and precise timing and synchronization are fundamental to the efficient and accurate exchange of information between data centers and across geographies. Imprecise timing can lead to data corruption, poor user experience, and even regulatory and legal violations. For example, inaccurate time stamping is in direct conflict with many countries’ financial trading laws." [DCD-20241111]

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